Interactive Budget Briefs
Financial Year 2023–24
| Country | Outlays% GDP ▼ | Deficit% GDP | PublicDebt |
|---|---|---|---|
1  France | 57.1% | −5.8% | ~113% |
2  Italy | 53.8% | −3.4% | 134.9% |
3  Germany | 50.2% | −2.8% | ~63% |
4  Poland | 49.4% | −6.5% | 55.1% |
5  Greece | 48.2% | +1.2% | 154.2% |
6  Croatia | 48.0% | −1.9% | ~63% |
7  Denmark | 47.3% | +4.5% | ~29% |
8  Switzerland | 45.5% | +1.0% | ~28% |
9  Slovenia | 44.9% | −3.6% | ~68.0% |
10  Spain | 44.1% | −3.2% | 101.6% |
11  Estonia | 44.0% | −1.7% | ~23.6% |
12  United Kingdom | 43.2% | −3.3% | 98.6% |
13  South Africa | 32.0% | −5.0% | ~76% |
14  Saudi Arabia | 31.2% | −3.7% | ~29.5% |
15  Mexico | 29.4% | −5.7% | ~51.3% |
16  United Arab Emirates | 27.8% | +1.8% | ~30% |
17  Brazil | 27.7% | −8.5% | ~78% |
18  Turkey | 24.6% | −4.8% | ~25.2% |
19  United States | 23.4% | −6.4% | 97.3% |
20  China | 20.5% | −3.0% | ~67% |
21  Russia | 20.1% | −1.7% | ~18% |
22  Japan | 19.0% | −6.0% | ~178% |
23  Canada | 18.0% | −2.1% | 42.9% |
24  India | 14.7% | −4.9% | ~57% |
United States
Fiscal Year 2024
Federal budget detailed by Mandatory and Discretionary spending. Features historical net interest milestone and deep dive into social insurance funding.
United Kingdom
Financial Year 2023–24
Analysis of HM Treasury PESA outturn data. Highlights the dominance of NHS expenditure, State Pension triple-lock, and post-crisis debt interest.
China
Fiscal Year 2024
National General Public Budget overview. Explores heavy central-local fiscal transfers, record agricultural spending, and the real underlying deficit.
Japan
Fiscal Year 2024
General Account breakdown covering the dramatic defence buildup, response to the fertility crisis, and the looming shock of rising debt interest.
Denmark
Fiscal Year 2024
An outlier in the OECD with zero social security contributions. Explores the robust fiscal surplus powered by corporate tax and the pharmaceutical boom.
Greece
Fiscal Year 2024
The remarkable turnaround to a headline fiscal surplus. Covers the heavy pension burden, elevated defence spending, and tourism revenue surge.
Croatia
Fiscal Year 2023–24
Reconciling national budget data with Eurostat ESSPROS methodology. Covers heavy VAT reliance, Homeland War pensions, and net EU funding inflows.
Russia
Fiscal Year 2024
Analysis of the wartime federal budget. Details how VAT overtook oil revenues, the 32% defence share, and surging debt costs under 21% interest rates.
Germany
Fiscal Year 2024
General Government (Gesamtstaat) overview. Features the Schuldenbremse debt brake, massive statutory pension transfers, and defense spending.
Brazil
Fiscal Year 2024
Federal Government (União) breakdown. Explores the crushing debt interest burden, Bolsa Família, and record tax revenues under the new fiscal framework.
India
Fiscal Year 2024–25
Union Budget focusing on the historic ₹11.11L cr infrastructure capex push, massive interest payments, and the rise of personal income tax.
Italy
Fiscal Year 2024
General Government analysis. Highlights the eurozone's heaviest pension burden, the fading Superbonus fiscal shock, and massive debt servicing.
Poland
Fiscal Year 2024
Highlights the defence spending surge to 4.1% of GDP (NATO's highest), off-budget funds, generous family benefits, and VAT shortfalls.
South Africa
Fiscal Year 2024/25
Consolidated budget showing 28 million social grant recipients, debt service exceeding health spending, and the fuel levy shock.
Spain
Fiscal Year 2024
Details the fast-declining debt ratio, booming tourism receipts, and one-off deficit hits from the Valencia floods and court rulings.
France
Fiscal Year 2024
General Government fiscal breakdown. Covers France's record post-Maastricht deficit, the highest pension burden in the eurozone, and the political fallout from the 2024 fiscal shock.
Estonia
Fiscal Year 2024
The EU's most debt-free state and most digitally advanced nation. Covers Estonia's radical flat-tax model, surging defence spending driven by the Russian threat, and the tension between a lean fiscal state and growing social spending pressures.
Mexico
Fiscal Year 2024
The OECD's lowest tax-to-GDP ratio, a crippling dependence on oil, record remittances that dwarf oil exports, and a record deficit driven by pre-election infrastructure spending. Covers Mexico's fragmented pension system, Pemex's fiscal black hole, and the nearshoring opportunity colliding with judicial-reform fears.
Canada
Fiscal Year 2023–24
Federal budget detailing the post-pandemic fiscal path, surging public debt charges, major transfer programs, and the split between elderly, health, and social spending.
Slovenia
Fiscal Year 2024
General government analysis of a small, open EU/eurozone economy. Covers the post-pandemic consolidation path, high social contribution burden, NATO defence ramp-up, and the ageing demographic challenge.
Switzerland
Fiscal Year 2023
Consolidated general government analysis across four fiscal layers: Confederation, 26 cantons, ~2,150 communes, and social insurance funds. Explores the debt brake, three-pillar pension model, and cantonal fiscal autonomy.
Saudi Arabia
Fiscal Year 2024
Central government budget shaped entirely by oil dynamics and Vision 2030 mega-projects. Features one of the world's most oil-dependent fiscal structures alongside a fast-growing non-oil economy.
United Arab Emirates
Fiscal Year 2024
A federal fiscal system dominated by Abu Dhabi's oil wealth and Dubais's trade and services engine. Unique for its radical decentralisation — emirates retain most revenue and the federal budget is a fraction of total public spending.
Turkey
Fiscal Year 2024
A record deficit driven by post-earthquake reconstruction and soaring interest costs, set against 60% average inflation and a dramatic monetary policy U-turn. Features one of the world's most unusual fiscal profiles: very low debt-to-GDP but a widening structural primary deficit.
About this archive: Data reflects verified actuals and adopted budgets from official sources (Treasury, MoF, DZS, OBR, CBO, Eurostat) for the fiscal cycle.